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HUVEC cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with ice-cold methanol and blocked with MinuteBlock Blocking Buffer (Affinibody, China)

doi:10.1101/2023.11.16.567423 15

Overall skin rejuvenation

For example, the tripeptide RGD, a common cell-targeting peptide, can serve as a targeting moiety for the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP), offering high loading capacity and the potential for slow, prolonged drug release

Experimental investigations have reported interactions with VEGFR2 phosphorylation, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, ERK1/2 signaling, nitric oxide-associated pathways, and extracellular matrix regulatory networks

They are not approved for human consumption or therapeutic use