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eLife 12 , RP92889 (2024)

doi: 10.1186/s40104-023-00959-5, 27 MaZ.WuZ.WangY.MengQ.ChenP.LiJ.et al

Following the FDAs ruling in September 2023, injectable BPC 157 is no longer available from compounding pharmacies due to concerns regarding its adverse risk profile

4.2 Lipid metabolism Recent studies have demonstrated that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), particularly -3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are closely associated with the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ( 4.3 Amino acid metabolism 4.3.1 Sulfur-containing amino acids Cysteine (Cys), methionine (Met), and their metabolic derivative homocysteine (Hcy) play important roles in the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ( 4.3.2 Tryptophan Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is upregulated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues, with increased expression of key enzymes and metabolites ( 4.3.3 Taurine Taurine (Tau) exerts significant vasoprotective effects through its antioxidant activity, scavenging of oxidants such as hypochlorous acid (HClO), reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity ( 4.3.4 Glycine Glycine (Gly) plays an important role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory processes by restoring glutathione synthesis, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and suppressing NF-B activation, thereby alleviating vascular inflammation ( 4.3.5 Glutamine and glutamate Glutamine (Gln) serves as a critical substrate for cellular proliferation

References: Radenkovic D, Reason S, Verdin E

J Pharm Anal 13:187200